Q4 / 349 · NTA Abhyas (NEET) 2020 · Zoology · Evolution
What are the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- ASmall population size, random mating, no selection, no migration, no mutation
- Correct answerBLarge population size, random mating, no selection, no migration, no mutation
- CLarge population size, random mating, heterozygotes survive the best, no migration, no mutation
- DLarge population size, random mating, no selection, migrants enter from other populations, no mutation
Solution
5 factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium :
1. Gene migration or gene flow - When a section of a population migrates to another place and set up new population, then gene frequencies of original as well as the new population changes. New genes/alleles are added to the new population while some genes/alleles are lost from the old population. If the above-mentioned gene migration happens multiple times, it leads to gene flow.
2. Genetic drift - If the change in gene frequency occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift.
3. Mutation - Experiments on microbes show that pre-existing advantageous mutations help the organisms to get selected and the result is observed in new phenotypes. This may lead to speciation over a few generations.
4. Genetic recombination - These occur during gametogenesis.
5. Natural selection - In this process, heritable variations help the organism for better survival and enable it to reproduce and leave more number of progeny.
1. Gene migration or gene flow - When a section of a population migrates to another place and set up new population, then gene frequencies of original as well as the new population changes. New genes/alleles are added to the new population while some genes/alleles are lost from the old population. If the above-mentioned gene migration happens multiple times, it leads to gene flow.
2. Genetic drift - If the change in gene frequency occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift.
3. Mutation - Experiments on microbes show that pre-existing advantageous mutations help the organisms to get selected and the result is observed in new phenotypes. This may lead to speciation over a few generations.
4. Genetic recombination - These occur during gametogenesis.
5. Natural selection - In this process, heritable variations help the organism for better survival and enable it to reproduce and leave more number of progeny.
Hence, the correct answer is option: 'B'.