The first phase of translation is

The steps of the translation mechanism are:

Activation of amino acids: In the presence of enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (E), a specific amino acid (AA) binds with ATP.

$A{A}_1 +\hspace{0.17em}ATP \underset{M{g}^{+2}}{\overset{Aminoacyl synthetase}{\to }} A{A}_1-AMP-Enzyme complex + PPi$
 
b) Charging of tRNA: The AA₁–AMP–E₁ complex reacts with specific tRNA. Thus, the amino acid is transferred to tRNA. As a result, the enzyme and AMP are liberated. It is also called aminoacylation of tRNA.

$A{A}_1-AMP-Enzyme complex + tRNA \to A{A}_1-tRNA + AMP + Enzyme$