Q139 / 150 · MHT CET 2007 · Physics

The cell has an emf of $2 \mathrm{~V}$ and the internal resistance of this cell is $0.1 \Omega$, it is connected to resistance of $3.9 \Omega$, the voltage across the cell will be

  • Correct answer
    A
    $1.95 \mathrm{~V}$
  • B
    $1.5 \mathrm{~V}$
  • C
    $2 \mathrm{~V}$
  • D
    $1.8 \mathrm{~V}$

Solution

Key Idea When cell is giving current then the potential difference across its plates is less than its emf as potential drop across internal resistance occurs. When a cell of $\operatorname{emf} E$ is connected to a resistance of $3.9 \Omega$, then the emf $E$ of the cell remains constant, while voltage $V$ goes on decreasing on taking more and more current from the cell. Figure
$$ \therefore \quad V=E-i r $$ where $r$ is internal resistance. $$ \begin{array}{ll} \text { Also current } & i=\frac{E}{R+r} \\ \therefore & V=E-\left(\frac{E}{R+r}\right) r \end{array} $$ Putting the numerical values, we have $$ \begin{aligned} E=2 V, r &=0.1 \Omega, R=3.9 \Omega \\ V &=2-\left(\frac{2}{3.9+0.1}\right) \times 0.1 \\ V &=1.95 \mathrm{volt} \end{aligned} $$

Hence, the correct answer is option: 'A'.

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