Technique to alter the chemistry of genetic materials, DNA and RNA, to introduce these into host organism and change the phenotype of the host is

Genetic engineering involves techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.

Bioprocess engineering involves the maintenance of sterile ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable the growth of only the desired microbe or eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products.

Cloning is the process of making multiple identical copies of any template DNA.

Transformation is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced into a host bacterium.

Answer: Genetic engineering