In n -type semiconductor, which of the following statement is true?

An n-type semiconductor is formed by doping a pure semiconductor with pentavalent impurities. These atoms have five valence electrons, with four forming covalent bonds and the fifth becoming a free electron that contributes to conduction.

This doping process significantly increases the concentration of free electrons, making them the majority charge carriers. Holes are created through thermal excitation but remain minority carriers due to their much lower concentration.

Evaluating the statements:
Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are dopants: Incorrect - trivalent atoms create p-type semiconductors.
Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are dopants: Incorrect - electrons are majority carriers.
Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are dopants: Correct - this accurately describes n-type semiconductors.
Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are dopants: Incorrect - describes p-type semiconductors.