Q72 / 90 · JEE Main 2015 (04 Apr) · Physics

Consider a spherical shell of radius R at temperature T. The black body radiation inside it can be considered as an ideal gas of photons with internal energy per unit volume u=UV∝T4 and pressure p=13UV . If the shell now undergoes an adiabatic expansion the relation between T and R is:

  • A
    T∝1R3
  • B
    T∝e-R
  • C
    T∝e-3R
  • Correct answer
    D
    T∝1R

Solution

∵  in an adiabatic process.

Q=0

So by first law of thermodynamics

Q=dU+W

⇒0=dU+W

⇒W=-dU

∴W=PdV

⇒PdV=-dU ....(i)

Given that UV∝T4⇒U=kVT4

⇒dU=kdVT4=KT4dV+4T3V dT

Also, P=13UV=13kVT4V=KT43 

Putting these values in equation (i)

⇒KT43dV=-kT4dV+4T3V dT

⇒TdV3=-TdV-4VdT

⇒4T3dV=-4VdT

⇒13dVV=-dTT

⇒13ln⁡V=-ln⁡T ⇒ln⁡V=ln⁡T-3

⇒VT3=constant

43πR3 T3=constant

RT=constant

⇒T∝1R

Hence, the correct answer is option: 'D'.

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